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Term Definition
Alcohol. A colorless volatile inflammable liquid, miscible with water, used as a solvent; in full, ethyl alcohol; the alcohols commonly used in painting are ethyl alcohol as a shellac solvent and methyl alcohol or wood alcohol in paint removers.  
Alcove. A small recessed section of a room or outdoor area.  
Alfresco. In the open air.  
Algae (plural). A non-flowering stemless water-plant; seaweed, pond scums, and phytoplankton; growing in water in the presence of sunlight and carbon dioxide.  
Algaecide. Chemical that kills algae.  
Algebra. `The use of letters and other symbols to represent quantities in mathematical calculations.  
Algistat. Chemical that inhibits algae growth.  
Alienation. A conveyance of property to another.  
Align. To be or come into precise adjustment or correct relative position.  
Aliphatic. Describes a major class of organic compounds, many of which are useful as solvents.  
Alizarin Lake. A bright red pigment with blue undertone made from the organic coal tar dyestuff, alizarin; some purple pigments are also marketed under this name.  
Alkali. A chemical substance which effectively neutralizes acid material so as to form neutral salts; a base, the opposite of acid; examples are ammonia and caustic soda; highly destructive to oil paint films.  
Alkali-Aggregate Reaction. The chemical reaction in concrete or mortar between alkalis (sodium and potassium oxides) from portland cement or other sources and certain constituents of some aggregates, primarily certain phases of silica, which causes deterioration in the form of strength loss, excessive expansion, and cracks in the concrete or mortar.  
Alkaline. Having the properties of an alkali; having a pH of more than 7.  
Alkalinity. Amount of bicarbonate, carbonate, or hydroxide compounds in water.  
Alkali-Resistant Grout. A grout that resists the effect of prolonged contact with alkalis.  
Alkyd. A synthetic resin, made usually with phthalic anhydride, glycerol and fatty acids from vegetable oils.  
All Risk Policy. A property insurance policy that insures against all risks of loss that are not specifically excluded.  
All Stretcher Bond. A brick bond showing only stretchers on the face of the wall with each stretcher divided evenly over the stretchers under it; staggered vertical joints.  
Allen Key. An Allen Wrench.  
Allen Wrench. An L-shaped hexagonal rod designed to fit into a hexagonal hole in a bolt head; also called an Allen Key.  
Allen Type Screw. Screw with recessed hex-shaped head.  
Alley. 1. A narrow street or passageway behind buildings. 2. A building for bowling.  
Alligatoring . 1. The cracking and crazing that occurs in asphalt roofing due to age and the effect of solar radiation and oxidation. 2. Coarse checking pattern characterized by a slipping of the new paint coating over the old coating to the extent that the old coating can be seen through the fissures, caused by improper build-up of paint. 3. In asphalt paving, i Interconnected cracks forming a series of small blocks resembling an alligators skin or chicken-wire, caused by excessive deflection of the surface over unstable subgrade or lower courses of the pavement.  
All-Inclusive Deed of Trust or Mortgage. A trust deed or mortgage that includes underlying financing; one payment is made to the all-inclusive mortgagee or beneficiary who then makes the payments on the underlying loans; also called a Wraparound Deed of Trust or Mortgage.  
Allowable Bearing Capacity. The amount of pressure, expressed in pounds per square foot, that any particular soil will support, in the opinion of a soil mechanics engineer, taking into account acceptable settling and a safety factor.  
Allowance. In the contract documents, a sum noted by the architect to be included in the contract sum, for a specific item; for example, a stipulated sum for carpeting or hardware which will be selected at a later date.  
Allowances. The amount of tightness or looseness of male and female parts.  
Alloy. 1. A substance composed of two or more metals. 2. Or of a metal and a nonmetallic constituent.  
All-Purpose Compound. In gypsum wallboard installation, a joint treatment material that can be used as a bedding compound for tape, a finishing compound, and as a laminating adhesive or texturing product.  

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